Balanced fertilization

Balanced fertilization is a major reform in China's fertilization technology. It is a successful innovation in the current fertilization technology. It is a road-to-head strategy with clear objectives and feasible methods. It will significantly improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, promote ecological balance, increase agricultural production and income. The adjustment of industrial structure is of great significance.

First, what is balanced fertilization and balanced supporting fertilization technology? Balanced fertilization mainly refers to the supply and coordination of various nutrients necessary for crops to meet the needs of crop growth and development, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing yield and improving the quality of agricultural products, reducing fertilizer waste and preventing environmental pollution. Balanced supporting fertilization technology mainly refers to the whole set of scientific fertilization techniques such as soil testing, fertilizer testing, fertilization recommendation formula, special fertilizer preparation and fertilization technical guidance for the purpose of achieving balanced fertilization.

2. The area of ​​cultivated land deficiency in Gutian County. According to preliminary statistics, the situation of 450,000 mu of arable land in our county is: 392,000 mu lack of organic matter (below 2%), 219,000 mu of nitrogen deficiency (less than 0.1% of total nitrogen), and 277,000 mu of phosphorus deficiency (quick phosphorus is less than 8 ppm) It has become one of the obstacles to severely restricting the increase in production and income of crops such as grain.

Third, the main cause of arable land deficiency

In addition to natural and external factors, human factors are one of the important reasons for the lack of cultivated land.

(1) In rice fertilization, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is seriously deregulated, soil phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are lacking, and the fertilization ratio of farmers is seriously deregulated, which not only reduces the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, but also seriously affects the quality of rice and increases yield and income.

(2) The application amount of organic fertilizer is extremely small, mainly relying on the application of chemical fertilizer, so that the soil fertility is reduced, and the organic matter content is decreasing year by year.

(3) The fertilization technology is unreasonable. In some cases, some nitrogen fertilizers are more in the late stage, and there is greed, which aggravates the occurrence of pests and diseases, which seriously affects the yield and quality.

(4) The amount of fertilizer applied is not balanced, and the amount of application between households is large.

Fourth, how to use balanced fertilization technology according to the characteristics of rice fertilizer?

According to the existing conditions, mainly using the data from the soil survey and the results of past field trials, combined with the practical experience of the masses, and if necessary, soil testing and formula fertilization, in order to improve the coverage rate of balanced fertilization technology and expand coverage, it is necessary to grasp The following measures are good:

1. Promote rice special fertilizer. According to the use effect and fertilizer efficiency test of rice special fertilizer in our county in the past few years, it is quite satisfactory. It is not only easy to use, but also can increase production and income. Compared with conventional fertilizer, the yield of rice can be increased by 40-50 kg, and the income is increased by 30. -40 yuan.

2, increase the application of organic fertilizer, unremittingly broaden the source of organic fertilizer, increase the amount of organic fertilizer application in rice fields, vigorously develop green manure, promote the return of straw to the field, and spread the farmland soil and fertilizer, do everything possible to improve the soil basic fertility, and strive to plant organic rice in the field. Fertilizer 3000-5000 kg.

3. Rational application of chemical fertilizers, promotion of balanced fertilization techniques, mixed application of soil with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios, application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, emphasis on the application of other medium and trace elements, and adjustment of the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to 1:0.5: 0.7 or 1:0.5:1. Under normal circumstances, the early and late rice with a yield of 500 kg per mu requires 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen; the single-season rice with a yield of 600 kg per mu requires 12.5 kg of pure nitrogen.

4. Increase the application rate of base fertilizer: In the fertilization, increase the proportion of base fertilizer application. In addition to sand leakage, the base fertilizer should account for about 60% of the total fertilizer. Strongly promote full-layer fertilization. The time for top dressing should be early. The first top dressing is 7-10 days after sowing. It promotes the second top dressing in the 20 days after the sowing. The rice seedlings are born early and fast, preventing the late stage of greed and setting up a high-yield seedling rack.

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