Since the beginning of this year, the domestic corn grid has continued to rise, while the wheat price has remained stable overall. The spread between the two has expanded. In order to reduce costs, feed companies have begun to actively modify the formula to increase the number of wheat replacement corn. According to the survey, in the first half of this year, the proportion of wheat in the feed of Shandong large and medium-sized feed enterprises reached 40%, compared with 10% last year. The proportion of wheat substitute corn in chicken feed and duck feed has reached 70%-80% in Henan feed enterprises, and the proportion of substitution in some regions is even higher.
In this case, farmers may have questions about whether the large amount of wheat used in the feed will affect the quality of the feed. Let us discuss this issue below.
1 Comparison of the nutritional value of wheat and corn
Wheat can be divided into hard wheat and soft wheat according to texture. The protein content of hard wheat (l3%-16%) is higher than that of soft wheat (8%-10%), but dry matter, energy and protein utilization rate are two. The difference is not big. The lysine content of wheat is 0.31%-0.37%, which is equivalent to 1.24%-1.48% of corn lysine content (0.25%-0.27%). Pig diets are prone to insufficient tryptophan and threonine. The content of tryptophan and threonine in wheat is 0.15%-0.16% and 0.33%-0.38%, respectively, which is equivalent to corn content (0.07%~ 200% and 103% to 119% of 0.08% and 0.32% to 0.34%). In terms of the performance digestibility of pigs with three amino acids, wheat and corn have the same threonine digestibility, wheat lysine digestibility is higher than corn (71%: 69%), and tryptophan digestibility is To be higher (78%: 67%). The energy of wheat is roughly equal to that of corn. The digestive energy content of the pig is about 14.23 MJ/kg, which is equivalent to 98% to 100% of the digestible energy content of corn (1423~1448 MJ/kg). Wheat crude fat content (1.6% ~ 2%, of which linoleic acid (0.58% ~ 0.70%) content is only about 45% and 37% of corn content (3.6% ~ 4.2% and 1.62% ~ 1.82%), which It is an advantage for fat pigs, but it is a noteworthy disadvantage for young pigs. Wheat has higher calcium and phosphorus content than corn, and wheat contains natural phytase, which has higher digestibility and uses wheat. When replacing corn and sorghum, it can reduce the use of soybean meal and calcium hydrogen phosphate. In addition to carotenoids, the content of vitamin E is lower than that of corn. The content of various B vitamins is higher than that of corn, especially niacin. The biological potency of pigs is higher than that of corn.
2 wheat anti-nutritional factor
First, wheat contains high levels of soluble arabinoxylan and a small amount of soluble glucan, which absorbs 10 times its own moisture and forms a highly viscous solution in the small intestine, which forms over-wet stools and prevents nutrients. Absorption, causing nutritional diarrhea. Second, the starch structure of wheat is also different from that of corn. The starch is small granular starch, which is only 1/5 of the diameter of corn, and 76% of the starch of wheat is amylopectin, which is difficult to digest. Third, wheat contains a higher crude fiber content. Therefore, exogenous enzymes should be added to improve the proportion of wheat in feed to solve these problems.
The specific enzyme for wheat must contain the following main enzyme species: exogenous xylanase, exogenous β-glucanase, and cellulase. Wheat-specific enzymes should achieve the following effects:
(1) The activity of exogenous xylanase, exogenous β-glucanase, and cellulase should be sufficient to cut off soluble and insoluble arabinoxylan, β-glucose in wheat and barley. Anti-nutritional factors such as polysaccharides and cellulose.
(2), greatly reducing the viscosity of the contents of the small intestine.
(3) Increase nutrient absorption and increase digestibility.
(4), reduce the water content of the feces, effectively prevent nutritional diarrhea.
(5), high-quality wheat enzymes added to the formula, wheat in the formula "replacement" corn should be used up to 65%, or higher. Its growth performance should be comparable to corn-soybean meal.
(6) The wheat enzyme is preferably embedded, and after the high-temperature granulation together with the feed, the retention rate of the enzyme activity should be not less than 85%.
3 Wheat palatability
Wheat is very palatable to pigs. Let the pigs choose wheat and corn, respectively, which have significantly more feed intake than corn. However, since the viscosity of wheat starch is higher than that of corn, if the wheat is pulverized too much, the pig will have a mouth when it is eaten and its palatability becomes poor. Therefore, attention should be paid to the degree of comminution of wheat in the feed. As a feed for finishing pigs, it should be ground and smashed as feed for piglets.
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