Semiconductors can be said to be the core of high technology. If a country cannot occupy the leading position of the global semiconductor industry, the status of a large technology country cannot be discussed. Japan’s sharp decline in the semiconductor industry reflects the embarrassing situation of Japan in the high-tech industry of today’s world.
In less than 30 years, the Japanese semiconductor industry, once famous in the world and has a great reputation, has a global status. The overall collapse of the semiconductor industry can be said to be the epitome of the decline in the overall competitiveness of the Japanese economy.
As early as 1955, Tokyo Telecommunications Industry Corporation (predecessor of Sony Corporation) was the first in the world to introduce a transistor radio, which was the first to promote the trend of miniaturization and portability of electronic products. Since then, it has developed complex transistors such as TV sets and calculators. The electronic equipment of the line has promoted the rapid development of the semiconductor industry. In the peak period of 1988 and 1989, Japan's semiconductor industry occupied half of the world's mountains, making Europe and the United States far behind. Among the top ten companies, Japan has six seats, and NEC, Toshiba and Hitachi include the top three. However, today, the market share of Japanese semiconductor products has dropped sharply to 7%, leaving only Toshiba (ranked eighth) in the top ten. Next, with the Toshiba company selling the memory sector, the proportion will continue to decline, and Toshiba’s out of the top ten is already a matter of course. At that time, the strength that made the opponent difficult to look back had already vanished.
Semiconductors can be said to be the core of high technology. If a country cannot occupy the leading position of the global semiconductor industry, the status of a large technology country cannot be discussed. Japan’s sharp decline in the semiconductor industry reflects the embarrassing situation of Japan in the high-tech industry of today’s world.
At that time, due to the stagnation of Japanese semiconductor products, the United States could only force Japan to make concessions through intergovernmental negotiations. The semiconductor negotiation agreement reached in 1991 by the United States and Japan clearly stipulated that the market share of US semiconductor products in Japan will increase from the original 10% to 20%. Although the agreement has been ineffective for five years, the share of US products in the Japanese market in 1996 has reached 20% as scheduled. At that time, the main use of DRAM, the main product, has shifted from virtual machines to personal computers. Because Intel's "Pentium" is popular in the global market, American manufacturers have come to the forefront, and there is no need to rely on a paper agreement to suppress opponents.
Due to the bursting of the Silicon Valley bubble, Japanese semiconductor manufacturers in the late 1990s were in a state of sluggishness, and the performance of major manufacturers has turned sharply. In 1999, in order to avoid both losses, Hitachi and NEC jointly established the Albion Memory Company, and they want to tide over the difficulties through strong cooperation. In 2003, the company absorbed the memory division of Mitsubishi Electric, while Fujitsu and Toshiba retired from the general DRAMA product market in 1999 and 2001 respectively.
The main reason for the decline of the Japanese semiconductor industry is not the semiconductor agreement signed with the United States, but the lack of awareness of the general trend.
The first is that there is no warning about the rise of Korean manufacturers (mainly Samsung). In the late 1990s, Samsung began to take advantage of the price advantage in the semiconductor products market for personal computers. Japanese manufacturers are still trying to cope with the product's functional advantages, but consumers are no longer paying attention to excessive functions, so Samsung has been keeping pace with Japanese companies since 1996.
After 1997, Samsung continued to increase its investment and opened its Japanese rivals. At the same time, Samsung is also very focused on mining production and technical talent from Japanese companies. Samsung absorbed the technology of Japanese companies at the beginning, but this is not the root cause of the failure of Japanese companies. The key is that the other party always has a strong sense of crisis, and Japanese companies are always inexplicably feeling good and arrogant. The arrogant soldiers are not unbeaten.
In addition, the Japanese government and the entire semiconductor industry's response ideas are also very problematic. At that time, due to the extremely high investment in the semiconductor industry, each company invested separately, not only the company was powerless, but also apparently caused inefficient use of resources. In 1976, Japan and the people and the people joined forces to establish a "super-large-scale integrated circuit research portfolio". According to this, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry re-applied, and tied a number of companies in a competitive relationship to form a "front-edge technology research and development company". The company leads the development of domestic DRAM products in Japan.
A total of 11 companies, including 10 Japanese companies and Samsung, are members of the new company, and they are developing 300mm wafers. The reason why Samsung was included at the time was obviously that Japan did not think that Samsung could become a climate. But history is so tricky. Four years later, after the continuous development of technicians from 11 companies, 10 top Japanese companies did nothing. In 2001, Samsung took the lead in launching 300mm DRAM in the world. Although two years later, Japan's Elpida has successfully developed the product, but it has fallen behind.
In 2002, under the leadership of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Japanese government invested 31.5 billion yen to accumulate the research and development of the original companies, and formed a unified research and development platform in the research institute of NEC. Village" in order to enhance competitiveness. However, NEC Company immediately established its own factory, so the companies followed suit, and this effort was ruined. Since then, the coordination relationship of the Japanese semiconductor industry has broken down.
But the road to their own battles did not work, and a circle turned back to return to the United Way. In 2003, Hitachi and Mitsubishi Electric jointly established Renesas Technology Corporation. To compete with this, Toshiba and Fujitsu have also started cooperation negotiations. But then NEC joined Renesas in 2010. Fujitsu had to merge its R&D department with Matsushita in 2015 to form a new company. This has been divided into a combination of points, some tossed down, involving a lot of energy, but failed to enhance competitiveness.
Today, Toshiba wants to sell its storage sector, but the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has not allowed foreign investment to be accused of “involving national securityâ€. So with the administrative power to intervene in the market, the Japanese government has apparently not learned enough lessons from the past failures of the semiconductor industry.
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