Liquid ammonia hazards and protective measures

Liquid ammonia, also known as anhydrous ammonia, is a colorless liquid with a strong pungent odor. As an important chemical raw material, ammonia is convenient for transportation and storage. Usually, gaseous ammonia is used to obtain liquid ammonia by pressurizing or cooling. Liquid ammonia is stored in a pressure-resistant cylinder or steel tank, which is corrosive and easily volatilized. Liquid ammonia hazards include inhalation, ingestion, and percutaneous absorption. The health hazards to the body mainly refer to: low concentrations of ammonia have irritating effects on the mucous membranes, and high concentrations can cause tissue dissolution and necrosis. Acute poisoning: Mild cases of tearing, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, expectoration, etc.; conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, pharyngeal hyperemia, edema; chest X-ray signs consistent with bronchitis or peribronchitis. The symptoms of moderate poisoning are exacerbated and dyspnea occurs; chest X-ray signs are consistent with pneumonia or interstitial pneumonia. In severe cases, toxic pulmonary edema may occur, or there may be respiratory distress syndrome, severe coughing of the patient, a lot of pink bubble phlegm, respiratory distress, paralysis, coma, and shock. Laryngeal edema or bronchial mucosal necrosis can occur asphyxiation. High concentrations of ammonia can cause reflex respiratory arrest. Liquid ammonia or high concentrations of ammonia can cause eye burns; liquid ammonia can cause skin burns.

Liquid ammonia hazards and related protective equipment

There are different degrees of risk of liquid ammonia exposure during liquid ammonia-related operations, filling and transshipment, facility overhaul, and leakage treatment. Liquid ammonia is chemically harmful to the respiratory system and skin. If it invades the respiratory system, it can cause irritation of the respiratory mucosa, respiratory system damage, breathing difficulties or even life-threatening hazards; if it comes in contact with the eyes and skin, it can also cause burns. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the protection of the respiratory system and the whole body, including respiratory protection equipment, protective clothing, eye protection equipment, gloves, boots and so on. Respirators include, but are not limited to, filter-type half-mask respirator (with filter box, canister, etc.), filter-type full respirator (with filter box, canister, etc.), self-contained air respirator (self-contained compressed air bottle ) Etc. Masks should not be used. Protective clothing includes not limited to fully-enclosed A-class airtight chemical protective clothing, fully-enclosed B-class liquid-tight chemical protective clothing, conjoined chemical protective clothing, split chemical-proof clothing, and chemical-resistant aprons. Eye-protection devices include, but are not limited to, protective goggles, goggles, face shields, and the like. Relevant protective equipment needs to consider the protective performance of liquid ammonia, and combined with the specific operating conditions to be selected and combined in order to achieve adequate protection, and take into account the actual needs of the operation.

A small amount of liquid ammonia splash protection

In the liquid ammonia-related routine operations, filling and trans-shipment (such as liquid ammonia unloading), maintenance of facilities, and small leakage of storage tanks, there is a risk of splashing caused by a small amount of liquid ammonia spillage. In the case of exposure to a small amount of liquid ammonia, it is necessary to protect the respiratory system and the entire body.

A small amount of liquid ammonia and a small amount of volatile ammonia, such as in confined spaces or relatively narrow spaces, may affect the oxygen content of the air. If the oxygen content is less than 19.5%, it needs to be provided by a self-contained air breathing apparatus; it does not affect the development space in general. Oxygen content in the air may be considered in a filter-type half-mask respirator or a full-scale respirator (with a filter box, canister, etc.) for protection against contaminated air (selection of a half-mask or full-blown instrument requires consideration of contaminant concentration and Protective factor). If a filter-type half-mask respirator is used, an additional eye mask or face shield is required to protect the face of the eye. The filter-type full respirator can protect the eye face at the same time, and no additional protective eye mask or protective face mask is required. A small amount of liquid ammonia and a small amount of volatile ammonia can also cause harm to the skin. The temperature of liquid ammonia is extremely low, and it causes low temperatures when it is volatilized. Therefore, comprehensive consideration must be given to physical protection. Protective clothing needs to infiltrate liquid, liquid ammonia, and ammonia. Protection, and meet the low temperature of liquid ammonia will not affect the physical properties of clothing and protective performance, you can choose matching liquid ammonia and ammonia protective effect better one-piece chemical protective clothing. The protection of the hands needs to be equipped with appropriate chemical protection gloves. Chemical-resistant gloves need to be connected with chemical protection clothing cuffs through tapes or special connectors to prevent liquids and gases from flowing into the interior. The edge of the hood of the chemical protection suit should cover the edges of the respirator mask to prevent the inflow of liquids and gases.

Liquid ammonia leak protection

In the event of an emergency, there is a large risk of leakage of liquid ammonia. Under the exposure scenarios of rescue, plugging, and accident handling operations, it is necessary to provide the highest level of protection for the respiratory system and the entire body. A large amount of liquid ammonia leaks will lead to high concentrations of ammonia in local areas, and even reduce the oxygen content in confined spaces or confined spaces. Filter respirator should not be used. Self-contained air respirator (self-contained compressed air bottle) should be used; protective clothing is also Fully-enclosed airtight chemical protective clothing (air respirator built-in) should be used. The chemical protective clothing fabric should be resistant to liquid ammonia and ammonia gas penetration. The garment is completely closed and hermetically sealed. Low temperature liquid ammonia does not affect the physical properties. , chemical resistance and air tightness.

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