Powdered activated carbon adsorption technology is an effective measure to improve water quality in water plants. It has flexible operation mode, low cost and obvious effect. Through comprehensive research results, the problems that should be solved in the application of powdered activated carbon adsorption technology in water plants are discussed.
1 Application status
The use of powdered activated carbon in water treatment has been around for 70 years. Since the first use of powdered activated carbon in the United States to remove the odor of chlorophenol, activated carbon has become one of the effective methods for removing color, smell, taste and organic matter in water treatment. A large number of studies on the adsorption performance of powdered activated carbon in foreign countries show that the powdered activated carbon contains trichlorophenol, dichlorophenol, organic matter contained in pesticides, trihalomethanes and precursors, and disinfection by-products such as trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid and dihalide. Acetonitrile and the like have good adsorption effects, and the removal effects on color, smell and taste have been recognized.
Powdered activated carbon is widely used in Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries. In the early 1980s, the powdered activated carbon used in water treatment in the United States was about 25,000 tons per year, and it has an increasing trend year by year. At the end of the 1960s, China began to pay attention to the problem of deodorization and deodorization of polluted water sources. Powdered activated carbon has been tried in Shanghai, Harbin, Hefei and Guangzhou. In recent years, China has gradually paid more attention to the research and application of powdered activated carbon. Tongji University and Harbin University of Architecture have made in-depth research and have achieved many practical results.
The main features of the application of powdered activated carbon are equipment investment, low price, fast adsorption speed, and strong adaptability to short-term and sudden water pollution.
2 Restrict the bottleneck of technology application
According to our research, the application of powdered activated carbon adsorption technology in waterworks is a very promising technology. However, due to the failure to solve the limitations of the technology in application, it is difficult to take advantage of the powdered activated carbon technology, resulting in technical applications can not achieve practical results. Applications in waterworks must address both theoretical and applied issues.
Theoretical problem
1. According to the water quality of the raw water of the water plant, especially the distribution of the molecular weight of the organic matter, determine the carbon type of the powdered activated carbon.
2. Determine reasonable and economical dosage according to the actual water quality of the water plant
3. According to the existing production process of the water plant, determine the appropriate and reasonable feeding point and dosage method to solve the contradiction between the adsorption competition of powdered activated carbon and coagulant, and improve the efficiency of powdered activated carbon.
Development of activated carbon regeneration technology:
Activated carbon is an excellent adsorbent that is non-toxic and tasteless, has a well-developed pore structure and a large specific surface area. In the early 1960s, European and American countries began to use a large amount of activated carbon adsorption to treat urban drinking water and industrial wastewater. At present, activated carbon adsorption has become urban sewage,
An effective means for advanced treatment of industrial wastewater and purification of contaminated water sources. In China in the 1960s, activated carbon was used in the treatment of carbon disulfide wastewater. Since the early 1970s, the use of granular activated carbon to treat industrial wastewater has developed rapidly, both in terms of technology, application and processing scale. It has been applied in large scale in refinery wastewater, explosive wastewater, printing and dyeing wastewater, chemical wastewater and electroplating wastewater treatment, and has achieved satisfactory results.
With the increasing application range of activated carbon, the recovery of activated carbon has begun to attract people's attention. If the used activated carbon can not be recycled, in addition to the treatment cost per ton of wastewater will increase by 0.83 ~ 0.90 yuan [1], it will also cause secondary pollution to the environment. Therefore, the regeneration of activated carbon is of particular importance.
At present, the regeneration technologies of activated carbon include: solvent regeneration method, electrochemical regeneration method, supercritical fluid regeneration method, ultrasonic regeneration method, microwave irradiation regeneration method, catalytic wet oxidation method.
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