Hydrogen production cost is high and it is easily oxidized in fuel cells, which are two major obstacles to the development of hydrogen energy. At present, hydrogen production generally uses catalysts with palladium, platinum and other precious metals as the main components. Chemists at the Southern Federal University of Russia have developed a new platinum catalyst, in which the platinum content is greatly reduced, but the efficiency is significantly improved. The research results were published in the "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy".
Chemists and biologists have been trying to replace these precious metals with nickel or other cheap metal compounds, nanoparticles, or proteins from various microorganisms, but so far, no platinum substitute has been found. In the past, chemists tried to coat nickel, copper and other metal nanoparticles with platinum to improve catalyst efficiency, but because the shape of such particles is difficult to control, the edges between the metal layers are too sharp to protect them Fragile kernel.
The research project host Vladimir Gutman and his colleagues solved this problem. They developed a new type of particle that allows platinum atoms to increase evenly from the core of the nanostructure to the surface. The first round of testing showed that the degradation rate of this nanoparticle was 7-8 times slower than that of ordinary nanoparticles.
The researchers pointed out that this catalyst can also be used to make other metals for fuel cells, which will accelerate the development of hydrogen energy and help the global economy embark on a sustainable development path.
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