Discussion on effective ways of prevention and supervision of occupational diseases

With the rapid development of China's industrial economy, the hazards of occupational diseases have spread from the traditional shipbuilding, chemical, mining, and machinery manufacturing industries to wood processing, stone processing, leather footwear, and luggage processing. At present, due to the rapid development of China's industrial economy, employees suffering from occupational diseases in the country have been endangering occupational diseases from traditional shipbuilding, chemical industry, mining, and machinery manufacturing to wood processing, stone processing, leather footwear, and luggage processing. spread. At present, the total number of employees suffering from occupational diseases in the country has exceeded 100 million. According to the statistics of the health departments, since the 1950s, as of the end of 2011, a total of 779,849 cases of occupational diseases have been reported nationwide. In 2011, a total of 29,879 cases of occupational diseases were reported throughout the country. Countless families are suffering from occupational diseases.

From 2009, when Henan Hainanese migrant worker Zhang Haichao began his "opening his chest and examining the lungs," the occupational health of workers has always been of great concern to the society. As occupational disease prevention technologies and capabilities are currently lagging behind in China, toxic and hazardous work types and process shifts, lax inspections for preventive work, some companies’ lack of attention to occupational disease prevention and control, and laborers’ awareness of their own occupational health protection are gradually becoming occupational hazards. There are many places, wide coverage, and many occupational diseases.

The high incidence of occupational diseases is mainly due to the fact that many companies do not pay enough attention to the occupational health of workers and do not really implement the measures for prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. The reasons are as follows. First, the education and training for occupational hazards is not in place. Second, the occupational health hazards in key industries are outstanding. Third, the responsibility for the occupational health subject of the enterprise is not fully implemented. Fourth, the occupational health supervision responsibility of the relevant department is not in place. Joint enforcement of occupational hazards is not in place. Sixth, occupational disease prevention and control measures are not in place.

Protecting the occupational health of workers is related to the sustained and healthy development of the country and the enterprise. It is also related to the harmony and stability of the society. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the prevention of occupational diseases and carry out occupational health and safety supervision. The departments of safety supervision, health and labor and security in various places must actively take effective measures to improve the level of occupational health supervision, reduce the occupational health hazards in the company’s job sites, and ensure the occupation of employees. health.

The first is to strengthen education and training to ensure that occupational disease prevention is well understood. At present, some business leaders and security management personnel attach great importance to the prevention of production safety accidents. They do not fully understand the hazards of occupational diseases and pay insufficient attention to them. Some employees, especially migrant workers, work in most cases involving toxic and harmful substances, but their own safety awareness is weak. No protective measures are taken at work, which is a high-risk group of professionals. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen occupational health education and training, and widely publicize the "Occupational Disease Prevention Law" through various media, popularize occupational health knowledge, raise employees' awareness of occupational health, and increase employees' awareness of occupational disease prevention. We must strengthen the training of workers’ occupational disease prevention laws, regulations, rules, and occupational health knowledge, educate employees to correctly use occupational-disease personal protective equipment, and strictly abide by occupational health practices.

The second is to highlight key industries and ensure that occupational disease prevention measures are in place. Chemicals, textiles, building materials, metallurgy, plastics manufacturing, metal products, printing, and papermaking are key industries in which occupational diseases are prone to occur, especially small enterprises or small workshops engaged in painting, grinding, welding, mining, dredging and other operations. Inadequate craftsmanship, poorly equipped equipment, and inadequate protective measures, the exposure of workers to acute and chronic occupational hazards, and the high mobility of workers, the prevention of occupational disease prevention and control, and the lack of self-protection awareness among employees, and the risk of occupational diseases. Big, many hidden dangers. The safety supervision department shall strengthen the frequency of inspections on key occupational hazards, urge enterprises to seriously investigate hidden dangers of occupational hazards, standardize technological processes, and improve occupational health protection measures.

The third is to standardize corporate behavior and ensure that the responsibility of occupational health entities is in place. All companies must implement the Occupational Disease Prevention Act, strictly follow the requirements of laws and regulations, conscientiously perform the main responsibility for the prevention and control of occupational hazards, continuously increase the investment in related equipment, and provide employees with workplaces and occupational health protection that meet the standards requirements. facility. Employees are organized to learn occupational disease prevention and control and enhance their awareness of protection. It is necessary to regularly check hidden dangers of occupational hazards and discover that hidden problems must be rectified in time.

The fourth is to strengthen government supervision to ensure that occupational health special rectification is in place. Safety supervision and sanitation departments shall, in accordance with laws and regulations such as the "Safety Production Law" and "Prevention of Occupational Diseases," and other laws and regulations, carry out occupational health special rectification actions, strengthen the daily inspection of occupational hazards of enterprises, and regularly monitor the hazardous factors of occupational hazard sites. . We urge enterprises to implement the responsibility system for the prevention and control of occupational diseases, establish employee health records, equip workers with labor protection supplies that meet the requirements, and regularly organize physical examinations for employees. Enterprises that fail to meet the requirements in the inspection shall be ordered to correct the instructions and rectify within a time limit. After the rectification period expires, it is necessary to conduct a review of the company. For enterprises that have not rectified the reform, they must strictly enforce the law, and must truly follow the law and violate the law.

The fifth is to strengthen departmental linkages to ensure that occupational health joint supervision is in place. The safety production supervision and administration department is responsible for the supervision and management of occupational health. The health department is responsible for the detection of all toxic and harmful factors in the workplace and the physical examination of workers. The labor and social security department is responsible for the identification of occupational diseases. A linkage mechanism for the prevention and control of occupational diseases should be established, and joint enforcement actions should be carried out on a regular basis to form a regulatory joint force to ensure the effectiveness of occupational disease supervision. Strengthen the communication between the departments of safety supervision, disease prevention and control, and labor security. Work closely with each other, divide the work according to their respective responsibilities, perform their functions and powers in accordance with the law, and assume regulatory responsibility.

The sixth is to strengthen source management and improve the company's occupational health intrinsic safety. Strengthen the examination of enterprise occupational health law enforcement, further clarify the basic situation of the occupational health of employees, and establish and improve the employer's occupational health ledger so as to achieve one enterprise and one file. In accordance with the provisions of the Occupational Disease Prevention Law, pre-evaluation reports on occupational hazards should be made for new construction, reconstruction, and expansion projects that may cause occupational hazards. Strict implementation of "three simultaneous" inspections on occupational disease prevention facilities for construction projects, and careful inspection to ensure that new construction, reconstruction, and expansion projects do not cause occupational hazards. For newly built, reconstructed or expanded projects that do not comply with the requirements of “three simultaneouss”, they must be punished according to law to ensure that all occupational disease prevention and control measures are implemented.

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