Gas station fire safety management must adhere to the principle of "hardware and software at the same time, combining civil defense and technical defense, focus and details are not relaxed", grasping the law and characteristics of gas station fire occurrence and development, and carry out targeted work. In order to eliminate the basic conditions and triggering conditions for fire and explosion accidents at gas stations, the fire protection work should be done effectively and effectively, and the three- and five-controls should be emphasized (one prevention, one elimination, one improvement).
"Three essentials":
One must prevent lightning strikes. The gas station should be equipped with a lightning receptor, down conductor and grounding device. Lightning stations should be installed at gas stations that are surrounded by buildings and buildings. There are not less than two grounding points of the tank, and the tank, pipes, flanges and other metal accessories are electrically connected and grounded. The oil unloading operation should be stopped during thunderstorms, and the tanker trucks parked in the gas station should be grounded.
Second, we must eliminate static hazards. In the process of transportation, loading and unloading, and filling, the oil generates static electricity due to friction, and its voltage can be as high as several hundred thousand volts. If it is improperly handled, it will cause discharge and cause an explosion burning accident. The conditions under which static electricity causes fire and explosion are: conditions for generating electrostatic charge; voltages for generating spark discharge; suitable gaps for spark discharge; sufficient energy for generating sparks; and flammable and explosive mixtures in the surrounding environment. If these five conditions are met at the same time, it will lead to an accident. An anti-static grounding device should be installed when building the station. After the oil truck arrives at the gas station, it must be allowed to stand for more than 10 minutes to gradually reduce the charge; it must be grounded before opening the can lid; it should be sprayed with water when the heat is hot, dry and low; the operator in the explosion danger zone should Wear anti-static overalls, underwear and jacket should be anti-static; must stop the splash-type unloading, do not allow the unloading of the oil pipe into the tank to unload the oil, the closed unloading pipe must go deep into the bottom of the tank, the height from the bottom of the tank should not exceed 20 Cm, the front section is made L-shaped, so that the oil flow flows smoothly; advocate self-flowing and unloading oil, try to avoid pumping work; it is forbidden to use gasoline dispenser to directly add gasoline to the plastic container. When unloading oil, ensure that the tanker is reliably grounded. The electrostatic grounding device with self-locking alarm function should be gradually promoted to improve the reliability of electrostatic discharge.
Third, we must improve the quality of employees and enhance safety awareness. The fire safety management of gas stations should be people-oriented and improve the quality of gas station operators. Regular safety education and fire drills should be carried out, safety training should be carried out for all employees, and regular assessments should be conducted to understand the basic physical and chemical properties of oil burning, flow, volatilization and toxic, and the basic conditions for fire generation, and to master the use of various fire-fighting equipment. The method and basic fire fighting skills, firmly establish a safety awareness, consciously abide by the rules and regulations, and after the examination, hold a certificate.
"Five Controls":
The first is to control the safety spacing of gas station facilities. We must take good construction review. According to the specification, the safety distance of various facilities is controlled, especially the area where the oil vapor is emitted and the distance between the places where the fire source may occur. It is necessary to control the distance between the tank operation well, the unloading port, the tanker, the breathing tube port and the station building, the boiler room, the power distribution room, and other supporting business rooms, and the fence, the open fire or the sparking place, road or The spacing of public buildings, power and communication overhead lines, to avoid fires close to the explosion hazardous area.
The second is to control the emission and accumulation of oil and gas. Controlling oil and gas emissions and agglomeration is one of the most important and effective measures for gas station fire prevention work. We should start from the following aspects and do a good job in this work.
1. Implement closed oil discharge and gradually promote the application of full seal unloading method. The gas phase tube is installed on the tank truck and the oil tank. When the oil tanker unloads the oil, the oil vapor in the tank truck is returned to the tank truck to prevent the oil vapor in the oil tank from being pushed out from the breathing tube, and the pollution is caused. Air and produce possible agglomeration. It is forbidden to insert the hose directly into the tank to open the oil.
2, the use of sealing and refueling technology, the majority of gas stations in the country are now using open refueling. When the fuel gun injects the oil into the fuel tank of the automobile, it squeezes out the oil vapor in the fuel tank and emits it in the atmosphere, which not only wastes energy, pollutes the environment, but also poses a threat to safety. Sealed refueling technology should be promoted to allow oil vapor to flow back into the tank or oil and gas recovery unit through the gas phase tube to prevent oil and gas emissions and accumulation.
3. It is forbidden to store oil in the tank indoors. Directly buried underground horizontal tanks should be promoted. It is strictly forbidden to place the tanks indoors. Because the indoor air is not smooth, the oil vapor is easy to accumulate, which is easy to cause the operator to poison the death and the oil vapor reaches the explosion limit.
4. Increase ventilation and eliminate low sputum. Because the density of oil vapor is larger than the density of air, it is easy to accumulate in some low-lying areas when the ventilation conditions are not good. When the concentration of oil vapor reaches the explosion limit (concentration is 0.6%-8.0%), it will be produced when exposed to an open flame. The explosion burned. Therefore, the tanker, the oil discharge port, the tank operation well, and the breathing tube should be located in a well ventilated area. In the explosion area of ​​the gas station explosion and the adjacent area floor, pits or ditches should be avoided as much as possible. The bottom of the tanker should be filled with sand to the top of the refueling island. If the pipe ditch must be filled with sand, the drainage ditch should be led out of the station. Water seals must be provided.
5. Reasonably set the floor elevation, and the elevation of the station floor should be more than 15 cm above the fueling floor. The distribution box in the station should be installed on the side wall away from the tanker. If a floor-standing power distribution cabinet is installed, no clear ducts shall be provided, and the power distribution cabinet shall be placed on a solid base of not less than 15 cm. The floor of the fueling area shall not be inclined to the side of the station of the gas station.
The third is to control the height of the tank and pipeline. The gas station should use horizontal underground earth-covering tanks to avoid problems such as oil level in the oil tank being higher than the floor, oiling machine oil seepage, oil in the oil inlet pipe being difficult to drain, and oil tank oil flowing backward. The oil inlet pipe should be set up with two slopes. The angle of the closed oil discharge pipe section should not be less than 30 degrees. The slope of the other pipe sections should not be less than two thousandths. The oil pipe slopes to the oil tank. The installation position of the closed oil discharge port should be lower than 15 cm of the oil tank discharge port. This can ensure that after the oil tank valve is closed, the oil port in the pipe can be quickly discharged into the oil tank so that the oil does not flow out.
The fourth is to control the electrical ignition source. Explosion-proof electrical equipment above or equal to the oil vapor level or group of the corresponding area must be used in the explosion hazardous area of ​​the gas station. The connection and laying of wires must meet the explosion-proof requirements. Electrical appliances in non-explosive hazardous areas should also be explosion-proof electrical appliances. Lighting fixtures under the shed should be protected. Mobile and portable appliances should be used with caution in gas explosion danger areas. It is strictly forbidden to use non-explosion-proof electrical appliances such as mobile phones. The review and supervision of the use of electrical appliances at gas stations should be strengthened, and it is forbidden to use privately connected devices and illegal use of electricity.
The fifth is to control the source of open flames. Control the fixed source of open flame, control the safety spacing according to the specification, and increase the safety interval so that the oil and gas cannot accumulate to the fire source, and the fire source cannot be distributed to the explosion danger area. Control repairs and fireworks. During the business hours, electric welding or gas cutting shall not be used. Fire-fighting equipment shall be provided for fire-fighting repairs, and fire-fighting personnel shall be in place. The fueling area must be banned from smoking and open fires are prohibited.
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