Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases in wheat seedlings, which can effectively reduce the number of pests and diseases and delay the occurrence of pests and diseases. The Plantation Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center organized relevant experts to summarize the experience of prevention and control of wheat seedling pests and diseases in recent years in response to the climate change trend in autumn this year, and formulated guidance on prevention and control of wheat autumn sowing pests and diseases.
Mainly to focus on wheat autumn seeding seed dressing or seed coating, effectively prevent and control soil blight, cyst nematode, smut and other soil-borne, seed-borne pests and diseases, and reduce wheat aphids, stripe rust, scab The base number of migratory and epidemic pests and diseases will delay and alleviate the degree of damage caused by pests and diseases in wheat seedlings.
Pests and diseases that are controlled and controlled in each wheat producing area:
The Huanghuaihai wheat area is dominated by sheath blight, root rot, total erosion, smut, cyst nematode, yellow mosaic virus disease, underground pests and weeds, and also treats seedling rust, powdery mildew, mites and ash. Fly worms and other pests;
In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the wheat field is affected by sheath blight, smut and aphids, and it also treats the brown planthopper, powdery mildew and underground pests;
The southwestern wheat area is dominated by wheat stripe rust, taking into account the control of powdery mildew, wheat bran, wheat spiders and underground pests;
In the northwest wheat area, wheat stripe rust, powdery mildew, smut and underground pests are the main control objects, and the Xinjiang wheat area needs to take into account the prevention and control of snow rot.
Control technology
(1) Selection of resistant (resistant) varieties
Southwest wheat area can choose Mianzai 168, Mianmai 37, Mianmai 39, Mianmai 41, Mianmai 43, Mianmai 45, Chuanmai 42, Chuanong 18, Xikemai 2, Emai 18, Resistant varieties such as Yunmai 2, Qumai 15, Zhoumai 17, and Qumai 53; varieties of wheat in the southern Huanghuai area, Zhoumai 17, Yumai 34, Yumai 49, Yumai 69, Xinmai 19, West Nong 979, Xiaoyan No.6 and other anti-rust slow-rust varieties; Northwestern wheat area can choose Xi Nong 889, Xi Nong 558, Xi Nong 529, Qumai 9710, Xi Nong 668, Shan Yu No. 6, Tian Xuan 54, day Selection 57, Tianxuan 58, Zhongliang 32, Zhongliang 34, Zhongliang 35, Ningchun No. 4, Ningchun No. 15, Ningchun 16, Yinong 18, Yinong 61, Xinmai 2, etc. Variety. In the southwest, the southwest of Huanghuai, the northwest and other strips of rust, wintering and summering areas are all year round, and high-quality disease-resistant products should be selected according to local conditions. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Yangtze River, and the southern part of Huanghuai, the high-yield and high-yield varieties with appropriate resistance (resistance) should be selected to avoid the blind introduction of high-yield susceptible varieties. Huanghuai cyst nematode recurrence area, optional species such as space 6, Zhongyu 6, Xinmai 11; wheat yellow mosaic disease area, optional new wheat 208, Yumai 70-36, Panmai 5 No., Yumai 70, Zheng Mai 366 and other varieties.
(2) Strengthening agricultural control measures
We will implement agronomic measures such as fine land preparation, appropriate planting in appropriate seasons, and post-sowing repression and timely irrigation, striving to spread the whole seedlings and strong seedlings, and enhance the ability of plants to resist pests and diseases. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the south of the Yangtze River, the southern part of Huanghuai, and other areas where the scab is often developed, the straw smashing and deep turning back to the field are carried out, and the straws such as corn and rice are barely exposed on the soil surface, the base of the bacteria is reduced, and the prevention and control of the heading and flowering period is reduced. Pressure; Northwestern strip rust in summer area, before sowing or before sowing, artificial removal or spraying of herbicides should be taken to eliminate self-produced wheat seedlings and weeds on the ground, reducing the incidence of autumn seedling infection; southwest, southern Huanghuai, etc. In the wintering area of ​​stripe rust, the implementation of suitable late sowing, shortening the infection time of autumn pathogens as much as possible, less initial infection of the source of bacteria; Jianghuai, Huanghuai and other blight disease recurrence areas, should avoid early sowing, appropriate reduction of seeding rate, timely Remove weeds in the field and drain them in time after rain. The re-emergence area of ​​the cystic nematode of Huanghuai should focus on the promotion of two repression measures after sowing and autumn seedling.
(3) Vigorously promote the cultivation of autumn seeding chemicals
In the soil-borne disease recurrence area, coating or seed dressing with tebuconazole, difenoconazole, fludioxonil, diphenyl ether, flavonoids, etc., to prevent root rot, sheath blight, total eclipse, etc. Seedling smut and so on. The underground pest re-emergence area is coated with phoxim, chlorpyrifos or chlorpyrifos suspension coating agent to control underground pests such as golden worms, mites and mites, as well as cyst nematodes, seedling aphids and wheat spiders. Strip rust in summer and wintering areas, the implementation of triazolone, tebuconazole and other pharmaceutical coatings or seed dressing, to prevent seedling stripe rust, powdery mildew, and treatment of late smut. The total eclipse-producing area was coated with a difenotropium suspension seed coating agent and a thiamethoxam (all etched) suspension. In addition, a variety of disease and pest mixed areas, according to the main local pests and diseases, can be combined with the corresponding fungicides, insecticides for coating or seed dressing, the active ingredients of each single agent in the compounding agent should be separate It is roughly the same when used.
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