With the continuous improvement of people's requirements for environmental quality, the decoration of building exterior walls has been paid more and more attention. As a new installation process, dry hanging stone curtain wall has reached a new level in appearance, durability, discoloration and flatness. It overcomes the defects of the traditional wet-wet method of stone, and is widely used in the exterior wall decoration of large-scale civil buildings.
1, the main drawbacks of the traditional wet paste process
In the early 1980s, regardless of the exterior wall of the building or the installation of the stone fascia of the interior wall, the old process of wall-and-reinforced mesh was used to fix the plate with copper wire and layered and poured into cement mortar. The process has many disadvantages for the external wall surface, not only due to the precipitation of calcium bicarbonate (whitening cream) and water stains after the cement mortar is pasted, which causes the wall stone to change color, form chromatic aberration, pollute the wall surface, and also due to temperature changes. For other reasons, it is easy to cause quality problems such as hollowing, cracking and even falling off of the wall.
Such as: For example, the exterior wall decoration of Tianlong Building in Taiyuan City, the 600X600mm polished Jinanqing granite plate is used. Although the epoxy resin glue jointing and other measures are adopted during the installation process, it still appears after more than one year of completion. White, discolored, and partially hollow, cracked. To this end, the building had to take reinforcement measures, two holes of φ8 on each granite plate, the hole depth is 10cm, the upper oblique angle is 15°; the nail φ6.5cm steel pin, filled with epoxy resin, and strengthened After the cleaning was repeated. After this treatment, although the granite fascia is reinforced, the appearance is still not satisfactory. Another example is the granite exterior wall of the podium of the financial building in Taiyuan City. Due to the wet-pasting process, whitening, discoloration, hollowing, cracking and the like are gradually appearing soon after completion.
2, the principle and main technology of dry hanging method of stone trim
In recent years, the stone slab dry hanging process has been developed and promoted. The principle is to set the main force point on the main structure, and fix the stone on the building through the metal hanging piece to form a stone decorative curtain wall. At present, the specific practices of dry hanging of various engineering stones vary from place to place. As far as the fixing technology of the pendant and the main structure is concerned, there are mainly two methods: one is that the shear wall structure can be fixed directly by the expansion bolt or the embedded iron piece, and the other is the light wall structure of the frame. The wall can not directly fix the hanging piece, and the hanging piece needs to be fixed by installing the metal skeleton; the metal skeleton is divided into two types: the steel frame and the aluminum frame. The former is low in cost, but needs to be galvanized and anticorrosive. Due to the need to use thicker or aircraft materials, the cost is higher. From the point of view of the fixing method of the board, there are two general types: one is the bolt-type fixing method, and the main components are pins, pallets, bolts, pads and angles, and various components. The model is determined by the weight of the stone, the regional wind load and the seismic load. The structure is:
First, the angle steel is bolted to the skeleton or the wall, and the pallet is fixed with the angle steel, and the stone is connected to the pallet through the pin. The hanging piece can adjust the plate up and down in a small range to ensure the uniformity of the plate seam and the flatness of the board surface, and the other is the back-cut dry hanging, also called the stress-free anchoring dry hanging, the specific method is a group The bottom extension anchor is supported by a convex joint and a stone joint and supported by a metal frame, which has great advantages in terms of safety, durability and convenience. According to the treatment method of stone joint seam, one is not separated from the seam, and the plates are naturally connected. The defect of this method is that the expansion and contraction of the sheet is limited due to the temperature difference, and it is not suitable for wide use in the outer wall surface, and the second is the seam. The gap of the sheet is usually 5~8mm, which is generally filled with foam strips and sealed with weather resistant silicone rubber.
The main advantages of the stone slab dry hanging method are three: First, it can effectively avoid the phenomenon of hollowing, cracking and falling off of the traditional wet-rolling process, which obviously improves the safety and durability of the building; second, it can completely avoid the tradition. The phenomenon of whitening and discoloration appearing on the surface of the wet-laid process is conducive to keeping the curtain wall clean and beautiful. Thirdly, it improves the working conditions of the construction personnel to a certain extent, reduces the labor intensity, and helps speed up the progress of the project. For example, the Taiye City Anye Building completed in 1999, the building area of ​​26400 square meters, the total height of 98.2m, the façade granite curtain wall of about 7,800 square meters, all using plug-type dry hanging method construction. The granite light board is selected from 635# stone material in Nan'an County, Fujian Province, and the 635# fire burning board is used in the grid color. In the light wall of the frame, the 8# channel steel is the main keel, and the L50X5 angle steel is the skeleton for the secondary keel. The skeleton connection is welded. The weld height h=6mm, all the skeletons have been rust-proof.
The components of the pendant are made of stainless steel, and the seams are separated by a seaming method. The horizontal and vertical are 8mm. After being uniformly filled with foam strips, they are sealed with weatherproof silicone rubber imported from the United States. The construction process of the granite curtain wall of the project is: measuring the elastic line → installing the skeleton → installing the hanging piece → fixing the plate → adjusting → sealing the sealant → cleaning → acceptance. In order to ensure the quality of the project, during the construction process, special attention has been paid to the measurement of the release line, and the deviation of the main structure is controlled, distributed and digested, so that the verticality and flatness of the entire skeleton are strictly controlled within the allowable range. For the veneer, the length-width deviation is ±0.5mm, the hole deviation is 0.5mm, and the hole depth deviation is 2mm. The overall project of the building was awarded the 1999 China Construction Engineering Luban Award for its excellent quality.
3, some thoughts
3.1. The stone curtain wall is the peripheral structure of the building. As the connection quality with the main body of the building, it will directly affect the externality and safety of the stone curtain wall. Therefore, the connecting parts are commercialized and certified by the national industry department. The professional manufacturers of the conditions, according to the construction drawings provided by the owner, are of positive significance for improving the quality of the project and reducing the investment cost.
3.2. In view of the fact that the dry curtain wall of stone is being widely used, and the specific practices of various projects are different, the state should introduce technical standards as soon as possible in the design, construction and quality inspection of the process, so as to design and construct the stone curtain wall. The acceptance is well documented.
3.3. Although the stone curtain wall hanging method has many advantages, compared with the traditional wet-laying process, its cost is obviously high, which limits the further promotion of this aspect. Therefore, in addition to the scale of the production of pendants, so as to effectively reduce the cost of pendants, we must actively improve the construction technology to reduce working hours, reduce costs, and make the stone curtain wall dry hanging process more widely used.
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