The significance of developing pipeline inspection technology in China is analyzed, and the specific steps of developing pipeline inspection technology in China are put forward.
Foreword All types of long-distance pipelines except for the very few pipe sections (such as the spanning section) are buried. Only the pipeline inspection technology can grasp the pipeline. Pipeline inspection technology can be generally divided into two categories: coating detection and pipeline inspection. At present, the pipeline inspection technology in industrialized countries has developed rapidly, and basically formed a mature series of technologies; while the country is still in its infancy. Therefore, the author wants to talk about the significance and steps of developing pipeline inspection technology in China, in order to receive the effect of throwing bricks and attracting jade.
1 The significance of developing China's pipeline inspection technology With the increase of pipeline service life, due to corrosion or other reasons, the pipeline unsafe factors increase, which requires maintenance and repair of the pipeline. In foreign countries, the replacement and replacement of energy pipelines are referred to as *3R*. At present, the US pipeline industry's investment in *3R* has greatly exceeded the investment in building new pipelines. In 1986, for example, the total investment cost of the pipeline was 3.586 billion US dollars, of which the cost for *3R* was 2.298 billion US dollars, accounting for 64.1% of the total investment. The annual cost of pipeline renovation in China is also considerable. Taking Daqing Oilfield as an example, in 1986, the pipeline was renovated and reconstructed with an area of ​​262.104km and an investment of 8.38 million yuan. It can be seen that the engineering volume of the old pipeline renovation is quite large.
In industrialized countries, the share of “repair†in *3R* is growing. The reason for choosing to repair the pipeline is its economics, because most of the pipeline is usually in good condition. In fact, pipelines that take replacement measures for various reasons are on average less than 5%. “Repair†here refers to repairs after an accident occurs in the pipeline; “Repair†refers to problems found through pipeline inspection. Planned remediation and repair before an accident occurs. Obviously, this kind of proactive and planned “repair†is more than the experience of the company after the accident in the pipeline. The number of pipelines repaired each year is about 25% of the total mileage of new and replacement pipelines. For oil and gas pipelines to be safe and efficient, the new pipelines should be tracked and tested as soon as they are put into production. For example, the famous Alaska oil pipeline in the United States was put into operation in 1977, and its corrosion was tracked and detected in 1978. By 1988, Alyska Pipeline found that the pipeline had been corroded from the tracking data and then excavated through the selected point. Check and verify the credibility of the trace detection. By the end of 1988, there were 832 corrosion detection sites in the pipeline, of which 117 could affect the normal operating pressure; 196 locations where the maximum allowable working pressure must be reduced; although there is no impact on normal work, the anti-corrosion coating has Aging, 519 sites that require re-preservation. Alyska Pipeline Company conducted repeated evaluations of the test results, and finally decided that: the first step is to replace the most concentrated and most severe 13km pipe section; the second step is to rectify the other pipe sections. This kind of repair is carried out on a proactive and planned basis by the company. Although it also costs a certain amount of money, it is much less expensive than repairing the pipeline after an accident. Industrial developed countries have taken track detection, risk assessment and planned repair of operating pipelines as a complete system, which plays an important role in the pipeline industry. In the recent period, there has been a change in the perception of old pipes in foreign countries. It used to be that the pipeline was designed to be used for scientific and scientific research.
Retirement; At present, many pipeline companies believe that even if the pipeline has been in operation for many years (including the design life or has exceeded the design life), as long as the basic conditions are good, it should continue to be used, and use some repair techniques to rectify the weak links to rejuvenate them. .
In China, due to the lack of advanced pipeline inspection technology, most of the pipeline repairs we have carried out are repairs that are constantly being leaked and blasted, and are being repaired. When is it missing when it is repaired, where is it missing, and it is exhausted. status. Due to leakage, it can cause environmental pollution. In severe cases, it can cause fire and poisoning, resulting in loss of life and property. If you master the level of pipeline inspection technology, change the repair to plan maintenance, plan to replace individual pipe sections, you can avoid the above-mentioned disasters, greatly reduce the cost of pipeline maintenance, ensure the normal supply of oil and gas, and reassure users. In addition, if there are continuous accidents in the pipeline, and the situation is unknown, the leaders often make wrong decisions, blindly scrapping certain pipelines, and then building new pipelines, resulting in waste. For example, there was a leak in a pipeline in China, and it was decided to scrap the entire line and build a new pipeline. When dismantling the old pipes, it was found that most of the steel pipes were not corroded or only slightly corroded. It is estimated that less than 10% of the pipes need to be replaced. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of pipeline maintenance in China and increase the share of “repair†in *3R*, Pipeline detection technology must be developed.
2 Steps to develop pipeline inspection technology 2.1 Analyze the gap and find the target At present, the research level and application level of pipeline inspection technology in China are both low and still in the initial stage. Most of the coating detection technology still stays at the level of coating damage and the level of excavation verification by leak point or experience, with great limitations and blindness. Domestically developed pipeline inspection equipment generally has the disadvantages of low precision, poor anti-interference ability and incomplete function. The China National Petroleum Pipeline Bureau has introduced several sets of detectors for ultrasonic and magnetic leakage in pipelines from abroad, but due to the small number, the usage fees are biased and the scope of use is narrow. However, the pipeline inspection level in some industrialized countries is quite embarrassing, and basically formed a mature series of technologies. For example, the SCADA technology based on the microcomputer network system monitors the pipeline operation, and monitors the deformation, wall thickness, coating and corrosion of the pipeline in detail. The pigging and inspection adopts intelligent new technology, which can be used for data and graphics. The method reproduces the detailed situation of the buried pipeline, and comprehensively analyzes and evaluates the computer processing results, and divides the pipeline operation status into five grades, and adopts different repair methods according to different grades. Our goal in developing pipeline inspection technology is to form a mature series of technologies that can directly provide optimal solutions for pipeline repair decision makers.
2.2 The introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation of the stone of other mountains can be used to attack jade. By introducing and drawing on the advanced technology and experience of industrialized developed countries, we can speed up our progress and avoid detours and wrong roads. We have also done some work in this regard. For example, the China National Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Bureau has introduced ultrasonic detectors and magnetic flux leakage detectors from abroad. In the future, we should introduce more. Although foreign technology is advanced, it is developed for foreign countries, and it may not be able to fully adapt to China's national conditions. For example, the pipelines built in the early days of China were not able to pass the imported pipeline detectors because their pipeline attachments did not meet international standards. In addition, the introduction of advanced equipment, the price is generally high, the use fee is also relatively embarrassing, making some small and medium-sized enterprises unbearable. This requires our scientific research personnel to digest and absorb foreign advanced technology, but also to be brave in innovation, and strive to develop a pipeline inspection equipment suitable for China's national conditions in a short period of time.
2.3 Standardization and legalization of pipeline inspection While vigorously researching and developing pipeline inspection technology, the inspection requirements for new and old pipelines should be gradually incorporated into relevant regulations and specifications, and the legal system should be “legalized†and mature technologies and pipelines The requirements for testing the pipeline are set out in the relevant specifications and design technical requirements. We should also expand the scope of pipeline inspections, eventually reaching 100%, and establish archives for regular inspections. It is necessary to set standards scientifically to indicate the circumstances under which it is necessary to replace some of the pipe sections, under what circumstances it is necessary to repair (such as hooping), and under what circumstances should be noted but no action is necessary. Most international pipeline companies have established standards according to ASMEB31G1991, but not lower than the above standards.
2.4 Risk and life assessment are prioritized, risk assessment and residual life assessment of pipelines, and scientific management of pipeline safety. NOVA is Canada's largest pipeline company with 15600km of pipelines, most of which have been in operation for more than 30 years. They concentrated their technical strength to develop risk expert system software, comprehensively evaluate their own pipelines, and use this as a guide to carry out remediation of pipelines, and rectify the pipelines with relatively low risk values ​​to make them within the allowable risk range. The residual life is the expert system software determined by the corrosion rate. If there is vibration, the fatigue crack growth rate (such as the span) should be considered. If the corrosion rate is found to be too high, the cause should be identified and resolved. We should learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries and develop expert system software that is in line with China's national conditions. (Continued to page 34) The controller cannot control the two sets of solenoids separately, connect A and c to the output terminal of the B-connected controller, and finally tighten the compression nut.
After the electrical wiring diagram of the valve and electrical installation, the electro-hydraulic valve must be initialized and started. The debugging is recommended to be carried out in an orderly manner to ensure that the system works stably and normally.
3 Common methods for searching and processing and dealing with problems encountered during use can be checked according to Table 1.
1Start IExclude the air in the main valve sleeve 1Limited flow range end丨Initial debugging flow chart Table 1 So find the table Problem Causes Elimination method Problem Causes Elimination No flow or small flow wiring, then check the main valve to close the early controller zero Adjust too early to recalibrate the controller without output check output voltage normally open solenoid valve leak test and replace the pump without pressure start the diaphragm leak replacement diaphragm is not normal or unstable upstream valve close open adjustment ball valve close main valve diaphragm damaged pipe Filter plugged normally closed solenoid damage medium pressure fluctuation controller flow setting incorrect wiring loose open valve open ball valve inspection diaphragm visual inspection and replacement of the stability system for correct setting re-wiring valve closing delay valve will not close When the pipe vibration is closed, the adjustment ball valve is almost closed. The last zero adjustment of the controller is too late. The manual adjustment ball valve is opened. The adjustment ball is closed. The normally open solenoid valve is not closed. The filter is blocked. The main valve is closed too fast. Further open the ball valve to recalibrate the ball valve. Open the ball valve test and replace the test and replace it, the charm filter slowly closes and closes the adjustment ball valve solenoid Wiring and reverse adjustment wiring Downflow system pressure is too high Main valve leakage is repaired according to requirements (Continued from page 27)
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